{"id":46641,"date":"2017-10-10T05:05:14","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T05:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biphoo.com\/bipnews\/?p=46641"},"modified":"2017-10-10T05:05:14","modified_gmt":"2017-10-10T05:05:14","slug":"how-russia-harvested-american-rage-to-reshape-u-s-politics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biphoo.com\/bipnews\/news\/how-russia-harvested-american-rage-to-reshape-u-s-politics.html","title":{"rendered":"How Russia Harvested American Rage to Reshape U.S. Politics"},"content":{"rendered":"

How Russia Harvested American Rage to Reshape U.S. Politics<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

How Russia Harvested American Rage to Reshape U.S. Politics:- YouTube videos of police beatings on American streets. A widely circulated internet hoax about Muslim men in Michigan collecting welfare for multiple wives. A local news story about two veterans brutally mugged on a freezing winter night.<\/span><\/p>\n

All of these were recorded, posted or written by Americans. Yet all ended up becoming grist for a network of Facebook pages linked to a shadowy Russian company that has carried out propaganda campaigns for the Kremlin, and which is now believed to be at the center of a far-reaching Russian program to influence the 2016 presidential election.<\/span><\/p>\n

A New York Times examination of hundreds of those posts shows that one of the most powerful weapons that Russian agents used to reshape American politics was the anger, passion and misinformation that real Americans were broadcasting across social media platforms.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Russian pages \u2014 with names like \u201cBeing Patriotic,\u201d \u201cSecured Borders\u201d and \u201cBlacktivist\u201d \u2014 cribbed complaints about federal agents from one conservative website, and a gauzy article about a veteran who became an entrepreneur from People magazine. They took descriptions and videos of police beatings from genuine YouTube and Facebook accounts and reposted them, sometimes lightly edited for maximum effect.<\/span><\/p>\n

Other posts on the Russian pages used stilted language or phrases rarely found in American English. Yet their use of borrowed ideas and arguments from Americans, which were already resonating among conservatives and liberals, demonstrated a deft understanding of the political terrain. The Russians also paid Facebook to promote their posts in the feeds of American Facebook users, helping them test what content would circulate most widely, and among which audiences.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis is cultural hacking,\u201d said Jonathan Albright, research director at Columbia University\u2019s Tow Center for Digital Journalism. \u201cThey are using systems that were already set up by these platforms to increase engagement. They\u2019re feeding outrage \u2014 and it\u2019s easy to do, because outrage and emotion is how people share.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

All of the pages were shut down by Facebook in recent weeks, as the company conducts an internal review of Russian penetration of its social network. But content and engagement metrics for hundreds of posts were captured by CrowdTangle, a common social analytics tool, and gathered by Mr. Albright.<\/span><\/p>\n

One Russian Facebook page, the United Muslims of America, frequently posted content highlighting discrimination against Muslims. In June 2016, it posted a video originally made by Waqas Shah, 23, an online video creator from Staten Island. In the video, Mr. Shah dressed in a thobe, a traditional ankle-length gown worn by Arab men, walked through New York\u2019s Union Square, where he is shoved and harassed by another actor pretending to be a bully to see how bystanders react.<\/span><\/p>\n

The video ends with Mr. Shah pointing out New York\u2019s hypocrisy: The city claims to be a \u201cmelting pot,\u201d but no one intervened while he was getting harassed. Mr. Shah\u2019s original video, posted on YouTube in June 2016, was a viral hit that attracted more than three million views. A week after he posted it, United Muslims of America copied the video to its group page without the original YouTube link, a process known as ripping. There, Mr. Shah\u2019s video become the Russian page\u2019s most popular post, earning more than 150,000 interactions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mr. Shah said when he noticed the ripped video, he wrote to the administrator of the United Muslims account, asking them to add the link to his original YouTube video. His main concern, Mr. Shah said, was that the page was stealing his views. Told that his video had been used by Russian accounts to sow division in the United States, Mr. Shah said there wasn\u2019t anything he could do about it.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere are always going to be people who manipulate things to their agenda,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

When Being Patriotic posted a brief message last year rallying Americans against proposals to expand refugee settlements in the United States, it was liked, shared or otherwise engaged with by more than 750,000 Facebook users. Eventually, it came across the feed of Len Swanson, 64, a Republican activist from Houston and an avid Trump supporter.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mr. Swanson, who frequently posts long commentaries on LinkedIn and Facebook, then used the message and photo to open one of his own posts, attacking Hillary Clinton and the Democrats. The message Mr. Swanson borrowed also appears on a conservative meme website, with a photo that at least one newspaper has credited to the United States Navy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI usually publish an article several times a week, to keep driving the narrative,\u201d Mr. Swanson said in an interview. He was not bothered, he said, by becoming an unwitting cog in the Russian propaganda machine. \u201cYou know we do the same damn thing over there,\u201d Mr. Swanson said. \u201cWhat do you think \u2014 we\u2019re saints?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In early 2016, Being Patriotic copied and pasted a story from the conspiracy site InfoWars, saying that federal employees had taken \u201cland from private property owners at pennies on the dollar.\u201d The Russian page added some original text: \u201cThe nation can\u2019t trust the federal government anymore. What a disgrace!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This past March, another of the Russian pages, Secured Borders, reposted a video that it attributed to Conservative Tribune, part of the conservative and pro-Trump sites run by Patrick Brown. The video, which falsely claims that Michigan allows Muslim immigrants to collect welfare checks and other benefits for four wives, originated on a YouTube channel called CleanTV.com. The Facebook post has been removed, but a version remains up on the meme site Me.Me.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mr. Brown did not respond to an email seeking comment. But Gerald McGlothlin, the president of CleanTV \u2014 and a contributor to other sites run by Mr. Brown \u2014 confirmed in an email that his company had created the original YouTube video.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Blacktivist Facebook page appears to have specialized in passionate denunciations of the criminal justice system and viral videos of police violence, many of them gathered from Facebook and YouTube. In May, Blacktivist also posted a message drawn from news stories about the death of Jayson Negron, a teenager in Bridgeport, Conn., during a confrontation with police. Such posts soon found an authentic audience: The Negron post was reposted by a verified Facebook account belonging to Black Lives Matter Chicago, according to a cached copy.<\/span><\/p>\n

As lawmakers debate tighter regulation for companies like Facebook, the trail of Russian digital bread crumbs underscores how difficult it will be to purge social media networks of foreign influence, or even to hamper the covert propaganda campaigns carried out on social platforms by Russia, China and other countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copying other people\u2019s content without proper attribution can be a violation of the social networks\u2019 rules. But the content itself \u2014 the videos, posts and Instagram memes borrowed and shared on the Russian pages \u2014 are not explicitly violent or discriminatory, so they do not violate the rules of those services. Instead, they are precisely the type of engaging content these platforms are hungry for.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Russian campaign also appears to have been tailored to exploit the companies\u2019 own strategies for keeping users engaged. Facebook, for example, pushed people to interact more in Groups like the ones set up by the Russians, where users can \u201cshare their common interests and express their opinion\u201d around a common cause. LinkedIn, the professional social network owned by Microsoft, is geared toward encouraging users like Mr. Swanson to create articles and other content.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe strategies are no mystery,\u201d said Michael Strangelove, a lecturer on internet culture at the University of Ottawa. \u201cForeign powers are playing within the rules of the game that we wrote.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

A spokesman for Facebook declined to comment. LinkedIn said Mr. Swanson\u2019s post did not violate the site\u2019s terms of service.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe challenges posed by the dissemination of fake news and other harmful content through technology platforms are serious,\u201d said Nicole Leverich, a spokeswoman for LinkedIn. \u201cWe actively address suspected violations of LinkedIn\u2019s terms of service such as harassment, fake profiles, and misinformation on our platform.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The Russians appear to have insinuated themselves across American social media platforms and used the same promotional tools that people employ to share cat videos, airline complaints and personal rants. Many of the posts on Being Patriotic also match pre-made, shareable graphics on sites like ConservativeMemes.com, nestled alongside other conservative content made for sharing on social media.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boosted by Russian accounts, the material was quickly picked up by other American users of Facebook, spreading the posts to an even bigger audience. The Russian presence appeared to be layered throughout different platforms: Some of the Facebook accounts, including Being Patriotic, had linked accounts on Instagram and Twitter, according to deleted content captured in Google\u2019s cache.<\/span><\/p>\n

John W. Kelly, the founder of Graphika, a commercial analytics company in New York, said the Russians appeared to have a consistent strategy across different platforms. Graphika has tracked thousands of social media accounts whose content closely tracks Russian information operations, promoting articles and videos about WikiLeaks dumps of stolen emails and \u201cfalse flag\u201d conspiracies about Syrian chemical weapons.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Russian accounts intermingle with real groups of Facebook or Twitter users \u2014 from white nationalists to Bernie Sanders supporters \u2014 and seek to manipulate and radicalize them, Mr. Kelly said.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Russian-influenced networks frequently promote obscure conservative YouTube channels such as the Next News Network and the Trump Breaking News Network, driving up their views and advertising revenue. A video posted in February by a conservative internet radio host, who claimed that 30 politicians were about to be arrested in connection with the \u201cPizzagate\u201d hoax, racked up more than 300,000 views on YouTube. Another YouTube video, claiming that Michelle Obama had 214 personal assistants and had purchased four yachts with taxpayer money, had close to a million views.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rather than construct fake grass-roots support behind their ideas \u2014 the public relations strategy known as \u201cAstroturfing\u201d \u2014 the Russians sought to cultivate and influence real political movements, Mr. Kelly said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt isn\u2019t Astroturfing \u2014 they\u2019re throwing seeds and fertilizer onto social media,\u201d said Mr. Kelly. \u201cYou want to grow it, and infiltrate it so you can shape it a little bit.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Source:-\u00a0https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/09\/technology\/russia-election-facebook-ads-rage.html<\/span><\/p>\n

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